Abdominal Obesity Impairs Vasodilation and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated increases in vasodilation may enhance glucose uptake, however, whether these hemodynamic actions occur under normal physiological conditions and how they are affected by obesity remains unclear. PURPOSE: To determine if ingestion of glucose (75 g) can stimulate sufficient insulin release to increase superficial femoral artery (SFA) vasodilation and leg vascular conductance (VCd) and if this response is affected by fat distribution in obesity (android vs gynoid). METHODS: Subjects (lean: 21±1.0 %fat, 0.82±0.02 WHR, n=8; gynoid: 35±2.4 %fat, 0.79±0.03 WHR, n=4, android: 40±7.2 %fat, 0.95±0.03 WHR, n=4; mean+SD; determined via densitometry and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) were studied after a 12 h overnight fast. Heart rate, cardiac output (Q), SFA vessel diameter, VCd, capillary blood glucose (CBG) and plasma insulin (PI) were measured at baseline (after 15 min in the supine position) and at 30 min intervals for 2 h following glucose ingestion. RESULTS: Q was significantly greater in the android group compared to the lean at baseline (android =6.3±1.23 vs lean=4.0±0.88 L·min-1; P=0.043), however, there were no differences within or between groups at any other time point. SFA vasodilation peaked 90 min post-glucose ingestion in both gynoid and lean and was significantly greater than the android group (gynoid =0.33±0.16; lean=0.45±0.33 vs android = -0.30±0.51 mm change from baseline; P<0.04). VCd was similar between groups at baseline (lean=0.69±0.02, gynoid =0.70±0.17, android =0.70±0.24 ml·min-1·mmHg-1; P=0.976), however, at 90 min the lean group nearly doubled their VCd while the gynoid and android groups remained unchanged (lean=1.28±0.12, gynoid =0.78±0.04, android =0.71±0.14 ml·min-1·mmHg-1; P=0.018). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was significantly greater in the android compared to the lean group (android =15.4±2.1, lean=12.4±1.03 mmol·L-1·2 h-1; P=0.031). Similarly, insulin AUC was significantly increased in the android compared to both the gynoid and lean groups (android =196±88.4 uIU·L-1·2 h-1 vs gynoid =65±32.9 uIU·L-1·2 h-1 vs lean=60±14.8 uIU·L-1·2 h-1; P=0.021). CONCLUSION: Following glucose ingestion, abdominal (android) obesity impairs local SFA vasodilation perhaps due to insulin resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".