Kinetic Analysis of CO<sub>2</sub> Gasification of Petroleum Coke at High Pressures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Determining the intrinsic gasification rates at high pressures is essential for designing and modeling high-pressure technologies. In this study, the intrinsic kinetics of CO 2 gasification of petroleum coke was investigated. The kinetic experiments were performed in a high-pressure thermogravimetric analysis unit at different temperatures (1173–1248 K) and pressures (0.1–2.4 MPa). Grain, volume, and random-pore models were applied to the experimental results to determine the kinetic parameters. The random-pore model provided the best fit to the data and was used to determine the kinetic parameters such that the activation energies and reaction orders could be determined. The reaction rates were described by a power law model that was half-order (0.49 ± 0.02) in CO 2 pressure. Similar activation energies, 260 ± 24 and 254 ± 12 kJ/mol, were determined for pressures of 0.1 and 1.4 MPa, respectively, indicating similar reaction mechanisms for these pressures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".