Focusing in Transmission-Line Negative-Refractive-Index Metamaterials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently there has been renewed interest in man-made materials with electromagnetic properties that cannot be found in nature. Therefore these artificial materials are referred to as "metamaterials" ("meta" means "beyond" in Greek). This presentation addresses metamaterials characterized by a negative index of refraction. The feasibility of media that simultaneously exhibit negative permittivity and negative permeability, hence a negative index of refraction, has been known since the sixties. However it is only recently that people discovered how to make them in the laboratory at microwave frequencies. In such negative-refractive-index (NRI) or "left-handed" metamaterials, waves can be thought of as propagating backwards instead of forwards. When interfaced with conventional dielectric materials, incident spherical waves become focused on a point instead of diverging outwards, thus suggesting the implementation of lenses with flat surfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".