Formulation and tensile characterization of wood–plastic composites
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study reports the effects of wood fibers and 3 wt% maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene used as coupling agent on the tensile properties of polypropylene/wood composites. Compounding was done in a roller-based internal batch mixer followed by compression molding. Our findings show that both birch and aspen wood fibers improve the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of composites, and the chemical treatment improves the fiber–matrix interface. A comparison of experimental results’ elastic modulus with micromechanics theoretical models shows that the Lavengood–Goettler model is closer to experimental data. Also the results showed that the polypropylene/wood composites’ elastic modulus exceeds high-performance thermoplastics commonly used in gears manufacturing. Thus, the price of polypropylene/wood fibers makes it a viable alternative for similar application.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it