Supercapacitive Properties of Hydrothermally Synthesized Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanostructures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A hydrothermal process was employed to create a variety of Co 3 O 4 nanostructures. We demonstrate that nominally minor differences in the synthesis temperature (50, 70°, or 90 °C) yield profound variations in the oxide microstructure, with lath-like, necklace-like and net-like morphologies of different scales resulting. This in turn resulted in significant variations in the supercapacitive performance that ranged from mediocre to superb. Specifically, the mesoporous net-like Co 3 O 4 nanostructures that were synthesized at 50 °C exhibited very favorable electrochemical properties: The net-like Co 3 O 4 had a specific capacitance of 1090 F/g at a mass loading of 1.4 mg/cm 2 . At this high mass loading, such performance has not been previously reported. SEM and TEM analysis of these samples revealed an interconnected array of sub-10 nm crystallites interspersed with a high volume fraction of similar scale pores. The poorer performing microstructures were both coarser and much less porous.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".