Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line Metamaterial Supercells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are designed based on supercells which are expanded versions of conventional negative-refractive-index transmission line (NRI-TL) unit cells. In the proposed LWAs with NRI-TL supercells, the number and values of inductors are reduced by half, decreasing the complexity of their design and reducing the Ohmic loss, which increases the antenna gain and efficiency. Compared with conventional NRI-TL unit cells, NRI-TL supercells operate over narrower bandwidth while showing proper Bloch impedance behavior over both left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) regions, leading to broadband impedance matching. Using coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology, closed-stopband LWAs based on NRI-TL supercells are designed, and their performance compared with that of the conventional unit cell LWAs. Finally, by using CPW supercells with a backing ground and vias, high-gain LWAs with sharp beams and suppressed backlobes are designed and realized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".