Microbial eukaryotic distribution in a dynamic Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When Pacific Waters enter the Arctic Ocean, there is an abrupt change from temperature to salinity stratification of the upper water column. This change coincides with a faunal change as Pacific and Bering Sea zooplankton and fish species are replaced by Arctic species. The clear changes in distributions of larger organisms suggest that the Arctic is an ideal environment to test hypothesis of endemism in single-celled planktonic groups. Here, we investigate the distribution of phylotypes of small protists identified by their 18S rRNA gene. We constructed nine new clone libraries from three different water masses from samples collected along the continental shelf and offshore of Beaufort Sea, Western Canadian Arctic. The new data combined with all other available sequences from the Arctic were used to identify possible phylotypes with restricted Arctic distributions. Among those only reported to date from the Arctic were an oligotrichous ciliate, a chlorarachniophyte and a rhizarian. In the near-surface shelf sample, we also retrieved sequences from Pacific species that had not been previously reported in the Arctic. The occurrences of those phylotypes were best explained by incursions of Pacific Water as coastal currents in combination with elevated temperatures in 2005 that would have been favourable to the non-Arctic phylotypes. Overall, we found support for the notion of microbial biogeography and our results suggest that the Arctic may be vulnerable to microbial community changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".