Room Temperature Synthesis and Thermal Evolution of Porous Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> Anatase
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
TiO 2 nanoparticles are a major component in many areas, and especially for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) as a result of their electronic structure that allows them to collect the electrons transferred from the dye molecules after sunlight irradiation, as well as of their semiconducting properties, which provide the surface transport of these electrons up to the collecting electrode. However, for this application or others, the optimization of both structural and electronic properties of titanium oxide is still a challenge because it depends on both crystalline structure and material nano/mesostructure. We report how small (<6 nm) titanium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a single step method, with the anatase crystalline phase obtained at room temperature, and an opened nanostructure. A mixture design method was required to identify the precise composition that led to the suitable material. Mesoporous materials made of pure anatase nanocrystals were obtained with the suitable porosity (5 nm pore diameter, 190 m 2 /g, 0.3 mL/g porous volume) without any surfactant agent. Both the evolution of the crystal size and nature of the phases were studied as a function of heating temperatures ranging from 20 to 800 °C. These materials display a good thermal stability up to 400 °C, in term of crystal size, and up to 700 °C, regarding the crystalline phase. Finally, the study of their semiconducting properties as a function of the crystal size allowed us to confirm the previous theoretical models regarding the crystal size-dependence of band gap and to set the limit of the size quantum confinement effect around 7 nm.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it