Crystallization Dynamics of Shear Worked Cocoa Butter
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Control of heat and mass transfer conditions during chocolate manufacture is a critical factor influencing product quality and performance. The molecular basis for specific tempering protocols developed by the chocolatiers, and used widely by the food industry, is poorly understood. Here we show that cooling and shear rates applied during cocoa butter crystallization affect the incorporation of specific triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species onto the surface of growing seed crystals, thus affecting the different structural levels in a cocoa butter crystal network. In this work, the effects of shear work on the different structural levels in cocoa butter are determined. Results from this research show different compositions during the early stages of static crystallization at different cooling rates. In other words, there is selective attachment of TAG species onto growing crystal surfaces, leading to fractional crystallization. With the application of shear, differences between cooling rates became negligible. Shear appears to enhance the formation of mixed crystal in the growing crystals, leading to faster crystallization kinetics, the formation of a higher number of smaller crystals, and a mechanically stronger crystal network.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it