Band Gap Tuning in ZnO Through Ni Doping via Spray Pyrolysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tuning of semiconductor band gaps can often provide significant performance increases and new applications for electronic, optoelectronic, and photocatalytic devices. Here, we study the band gaps of pure and nickel-doped zinc oxide thin films synthesized using the low-cost spray pyrolysis deposition method. Nickel concentration is varied from 0 to 15%, and the effects that this doping has on the electronic structure are analyzed. Using optical and synchrotron X-ray techniques, two regimes of band gap reduction via Ni doping are uncovered. For doping up to 4% Ni, there is a strong reduction in the gap, while continued doping up to 15% further reduces the gap, but to a lesser extent. The results are explained using X-ray spectroscopy and an Anderson impurity model. These tools show that the low doping case is driven by the interaction of the Ni 3d and O 2p states in both the valence and conduction bands. At high doping, the removal of Zn 3d states from the valence band and the change in Ni coordination from T d to O h both contribute to counteract the gap reduction. These results show how Ni can be used to tune the ZnO band gap over a large range useful for many applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it