Growth and physiological responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salt stress in dioecious plant<i>Populus tomentosa</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study elucidated whether the beneficial effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis was different in male and female Populus tomentosa Carrière trees. Female and male cuttings of P. tomentosa were treated with two AM fungal regimes, with or without an AM fungus (Glomus constrictum Trappe) inoculation, and with three salt regimes, no salt, low-salinity level (100 mmol·L–1NaCl), and high-salinity level (200 mmol·L–1NaCl). Our results showed that AM fungal colonization alleviated the salt-induced reduction in growth, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment content, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the leaves, stems, and roots under low-salinity conditions. However, these effects were not alleviated under high-salinity conditions. AM fungal colonization was associated with a reinforcement of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPx) and an inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) in treated plants of both genders under low-salinity conditions. Furthermore, sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl–) concentrations in tree organs were lower in the AM than the non-AM plants under the low-salinity condition in both sexes. AM fungal treatment may protect salt-stressed plants via the inhibition of salt-induced oxidative stress, which improves nutrient absorbance and inhibits Na+transport from the roots to the shoots. In addition, small differences in plant growth induced by AM fungal colonization were observed between sexes, but significant gender differences were obtained in other parameters such as SOD and GPx activities and N and P concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".