Pre- and post-sleep stress levels and negative emotions in a sample dream among frequent and non-frequent nightmare sufferers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Aim. This study examined whether self-identified frequent nightmare sufferers report stronger negative emotions in their everyday dreams and higher stress levels in the evening and in the morning than reported non-frequent nightmare sufferers. Method. Sixty participants ranging in age from 13 to 58 selected on the basis that they self-reported having more than one nightmare a week, or less than one nightmare a month. For the assessment the authors used four questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, daily report summary questionnaires, dream diaries, and post-dream diary questionnaires. Results. A MAnOVA performed on a dream recalled by frequent nightmare sufferers revealed an overall significant difference in negative emotions (p<0.01), which was significantly attributable to higher levels of dream fear and anxiety (both, p<0.01). Frequent nightmare sufferers also reported experiencing significantly more negative mood and higher stress levels before and after sleep (p<0.01). Discussion. Results support the continuity hypothesis between waking and dreaming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".