CONGOLITE AND TREMBATHITE FROM THE KLODAWA SALT MINE, CENTRAL POLAND: RECORDS OF THE THERMAL HISTORY OF THE PARENTAL SALT DOME
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pseudocubic crystals of (Fe,Mg,Mn) 3 B 7 O 13 Cl borate, ≤ 1.2 mm in size and yellowish through pale-violet to pale-violet-brown and brownish in color, were found in the Klodawa salt dome, located within the Mid-Polish Trough (central Poland), an axial part of the Polish basin belonging to a system of Permian-Mesozoic epicontinental basins of Western and Central Europe. The crystals occur in adjacent parts of the Underlying Halite and Youngest Halite units bordering the Anhydrite Pegmatite unit around the PZ–3/PZ–4 (Leine/Aller) boundary. The internal texture of the crystals reflects phase-transitions from rhombohedral congolite (space-group symmetry R 3 c ) through orthorhombic ericaite ( Pca 2 1 ) to a cubic, high-temperature, mainly Fe-dominant analogue of boracite ( F 43 c ), indicating formation of the phases under increasing temperature. Currently, the parts of the crystals showing orthorhombic and cubic morphology generally represent congolite and, much less frequently, trembathite paramorphs after higher-temperature structural varieties of (Fe,Mg,Mn) 3 B 7 O 13 Cl and (Mg,Fe,Mn) 3 B 7 O 13 Cl, which are unstable at room-temperature. The phase-transitions R 3 c → Pca 2 1 and Pca 2 1 → F 43 c recorded in the morphology of the growing crystals took place at temperatures of 230–250 °C and 310–315 °C, respectively, whereas the total range of (Fe,Mg,Mn) 3 B 7 O 13 Cl borate crystallization was determined to be ca . 100 °C to 350–360 °C. The primary congolite crystallized as a result of the metasomatic reaction of Fe and Mn carriers present within the host rock-salts of the Underlying Halite and Youngest Halite with (BO 3 ) 3− -bearing brines and fluids released from primary evaporate sediments (probably mainly from Upper Younger Halite with potash impurities of the PZ–3 cyclothem) in diagenetic and metamorphic processes induced by disturbances in halokinetic stability, intensive faulting of the pre-Zechstein basement and decompression, and, connected with movements of evaporates, their upward flow in the crust and the formation of a diapiric structure. The phase-transitions R 3 c → Pca 2 1 and Pca 2 1 → F 43 c have been forced by inflows of Mg-bearing fluids sourced from relatively thick loads of potash salts (Younger Potash) of the PZ–3 cyclothem, containing inclusions of carnallite, kainite, and kieserite. The brines and fluids have utilized cracks in Pegmatite Anhydrite as convenient pathways for migration in the dome, in contrast to the host rock-salts, which are too solid to be penetrated by the fluids for distances greater than a few meters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".