Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granuloma With Associated Elevation in Serum and Tissue IgG4 Occurring in a Patient With a History of Sarcoidosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulmonary hyalinizing granulomas (PHGs) are unusual fibrosclerotic inflammatory lung lesions. The organ-based manifestations of the recently defined IgG4-related sclerosing disease typically show dense fibrosis and heavy lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. IgG4-related sclerosing disease is also defined by increased serum IgG4 levels and increased tissue levels of IgG4-positive plasma cells. The morphologic features of PHG overlap with those seen in IgG4-related sclerosing disease, and this suggests that PHG may be a form of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. We present a case of a 51-year-old man with a history of sarcoidosis who presented with slowly enlarging pulmonary nodules. Histologic evaluation of one of the nodules yielded a diagnosis of PHG. Further investigation demonstrated both elevated serum IgG4 and elevated tissue IgG4-positive plasma cells in the PHG. In previous reports, lesions that are now considered part of IgG4-related sclerosing disease were documented in patients also diagnosed with PHG, although these reports date from before the description of IgG4 sclerosing disease. This case provides the first definitive evidence that PHG is part of the spectrum of IgG4-related sclerosing disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".