A 3 dimensional finite element modeling of "smart foam" and its experimental validation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The "smart foam" concept and design originate from the combination of passive dissipation of acoustic foams in the medium and high frequency range and the active absorption ability of piezoelectric actuators (generally PVDF) in the low frequency range. This results in a passive/active absorption control device that can efficiently operate over a broad range of frequencies. In this paper, a 3D finite element model of smart foam and its experimental validation are presented. The finite element model uses quadratic poroelastic elements with a (u,p) formulation, as well as elastic, fluid and piezoelectric elements. The weak integral formulation of the different involved domains and their coupling conditions are presented. In particular, an isotropic and a simplified orthotropic model of poroelastic media are presented and compared. The fabrication of a prototype smart foam based on melamine foam with a curved, bonded PVDF film is discussed. Passive absorption and acoustic radiation of this prototype are measured in an impedance tube. The measured data are in good agreement with the numerical results, thereby validating the finite element model. This modeling tool constitutes a powerful platform to simulate and optimize various configurations of smart foams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".