Broadband Visible Light-Harvesting Naphthalenediimide (NDI) Triad: Study of the Intra-/Intermolecular Energy/Electron Transfer and the Triplet Excited State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A triad based on naphthalenediimides (NDI) was prepared to study the intersystem crossing (ISC), the fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer (FRET), as well as the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) processes. In the triad, the 2-bromo-6-alkylaminoNDI moiety was used as singlet energy donor and the spin converter, whereas 2,6-dialkylaminoNDI was used as the singlet/triplet energy acceptor. This unique structural protocol and thus alignment of the energy levels ensures the competing ISC and FRET in the triad. The photophysical properties of the triad and the reference compounds were studied with steady-state UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, nanosecond transient absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT/TDDFT calculations. FRET was confirmed with steady-state UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Intramolecular electron transfer was observed in polar solvents, demonstrated by the quenching of both the fluorescence and triplet state of the energy acceptor. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that the T1 state of the triad is exclusively localized on the 2,6-dialkylaminoNDI moiety in the triad upon selective photoexcitation into the energy donor, which indicates the intramolecular triplet state energy transfer. The intermolecular triplet state energy transfer between the two reference compounds was investigated with nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The photophysical properties were rationalized by TDDFT calculations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".