Numerical Modelling of Soil-Atmosphere Interaction for Unsaturated Surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The computation of soil-atmosphere water fluxes such as infiltration, evapotranspiration, and runoff is required for the analysis of numerous problems in geotechnical, geoenvironmental engineering and hydrogeology. The soil-atmosphere interaction processes can be represented by a series of partial differential equations. This paper presents a PDE formulation that was developed for soil-atmosphere analysis and presents three cases demonstrating the application of the formulation developed to laboratory and fields conditions. Comparisons against experimental data show that evaporative fluxes can be successfully reproduced by theoretical models. The PDE solutions were used for the simulation of the fluxes through two soil cover configurations to exemplify the application of theoretical models to design. The results indicate that the manner how runoff is computed strongly affects the results. The numerical solutions appear robust and can be applied to the design of soil structures such as soil-cover systems, geo-hazard hazard quantification, and other unsaturated soil problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".