Shielding failure evaluation by collection surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new lightning shielding failure evaluation method based on an electro-geometric method aided by 3D graphics technology is introduced. The approach is based on the method of collection surfaces. By using the collection surface of protected equipment instead of the unprotected area, empty areas where no equipment is to be protected are eliminated from contributing to the failure rate. Shielding devices and protected equipment are considered equally as targets for lightning when generating collection surfaces. The collection surfaces are projected to a 2D bitmap, using different colors to represent protected and unprotected areas. An integral is performed on the amplitude of the stroke current (weighted by the probability distribution of this amplitude) to account for the dependency of the shape and size of the unprotected surface on the stroke current. The technique applies to structures or substations of any shape, and can use different striking distances to horizontal and vertical objects. The 69 kV substation example described in IEEE Standard 998 is used to demonstrate usage of this method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".