Synthesis and Structure of Palladium 1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidene Mesoionic Carbene PEPPSI Complexes and Their Catalytic Applications in the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New mono- and bimetallic 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene mesoionic carbene (MIC) complexes of Pd have been synthesized, isolated, and characterized. We have described the synthesis of a bis(MIC) complex via transmetalation from a Ag-MIC complex and two PEPPSI-type complexes which are directly available from their respective triazolium salts by treatment with PdCl 2 in pyridine. The X-ray structures are reported for all complexes described herein. Interestingly, each complex described exhibits various secondary noncovalent interactions in the solid state of the general type C–H···Cl, which appear to be important for the stabilization of the solid-state structure of the complexes. We further demonstrated the utility of the new PEPPSI complexes in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. In the case of aryl iodides and electron-deficient bromides, high conversion is observed with methyl acrylate. Hg poisoning tests suggest that, even with an easily dissociated ligand, the reaction likely proceeds via Pd nanoparticles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".