Peak-Shape Correction to Symmetry for Pressure-Driven Sample Injection in Capillary Electrophoresis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pressure-driven sample injection in capillary electrophoresis results in asymmetric peaks due to difference in shapes between the front and the back boundaries of the sample plug. Uneven velocity profile of fluid flow across the capillary gives the front boundary a parabolic shape. The back side, on the other hand, has a flat interface with the electrophoresis run buffer. Here, we propose a simple means of correcting this asymmetry by pressure-driven "propagation" of the injected plug, with the parabolic sample-buffer interface established at the back. We prove experimentally that such a propagation procedure corrects peak asymmetry to the level comparable to injection through electroosmosis. Importantly, the propagation-based correction procedure also solves a problem of transferring the sample into the efficiently cooled zone of the capillary for capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments with active cooling. The suggested peak correction procedure will find applications in all CE methods that rely on peak shape analysis, e.g., nonequilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".