On filtration and heat insulation properties of foam formed cellulose based materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel biodegradable, low-density porous materials based on wood fibres are produced in foam laid media called foam-paper. Applications of foam-paper are studied in sub-micron aerosol filtration and heat insulation. The effect of foam air-content and fibre type on the variation of final product properties is determined. In the first study, the effect of fibre morphology and crowding number are investigated on the major filtration parameters such as pressure-drop, air-permeability and filtration-efficiency. The results show that increasing fibre specific surface and crowding number and decreasing pulp freeness leads to increasing both filtration efficiency and pressure-drop of foam-papers. Different combinations of additives and two methods of drying are applied in order to optimize filtration characteristics. The best filtration properties are obtained using air-dried samples with 10% and 30% weight ratio of Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) valley beaten fibres and freeze-dried Nanofibrillated Lyocell Fibres at high air-contents. In the second study, variations of thermal conductivity of standard foam-papers with respect to foam air-content are investigated. The results of foam-papers at higher air-contents are comparable with the results of commercial heat insulators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".