Steam-Enhanced Calcium Looping Cycles with Calcium Aluminate Pellets Doped with Bromides
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores the effect of calcium bromide (CaBr 2 ) doping of lime-based sorbents in the presence of steam during calcination/carbonation cycles. Two sorbents were tested: natural limestone (Cadomin, Canada) and a synthetic sorbent (pellets) prepared from Cadomin limestone with addition of calcium aluminate cement. The mixture of calcined limestone and cement was pelletized in a mechanical granulator that uses spray water as the part of the pelletization process. Both the original limestone and the prepared pellets were impregnated with a dilute CaBr 2 solution to achieve a Ca/Br mole ratio of 500:1. The CO 2 carrying activities of the sorbents were tested during calcination/carbonation cycles in a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) apparatus. Realistic calcination conditions during the reaction cycles were employed: 900 °C with a CO 2 sweep gas. Multicycle tests were carried out with steam 15% and without steam present in the carbonation gas stream (20% CO 2, 15% steam or 0% steam, N 2 balance in both cases). The results showed that doping with CaBr 2 has a beneficial effect on sorbent CO 2 capture activity, and in particular, the conversion rate during the diffusion-controlled stage of carbonation was found to exhibit a strong synergic enhancement in the presence of steam. The effects of doping and steam were more pronounced in the case of synthetic pellets, resulting in an uptake of 23.8 g of CO 2 /100 g of sorbent after 31 cycles, which represents a conversion of 35.6%. This CO 2 capture uptake is very high compared with that of pellets with no CaBr 2 addition and no steam present during the reaction cycles, where only 15.0 g of CO 2 /100 g of sorbent (22.5% conversion) was seen after 10 cycles. These results suggest that the preparation of synthetic sorbents for calcium looping using solutions containing small amount of bromides would be beneficial in practical applications, and steam will either be produced by firing almost any fuel or be found in flue gas suitable for processing by calcium looping.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it