Effect of Ball-milling on the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Lead Dioxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High energy ball-milling (HEBM) of pure lead dioxide was performed in function of the milling time. HEBM leads to a transition of the initial tetragonal structure (beta-PbO2) to an orthorhombic structure (alpha-PbO2). After 1 h of milling, the PbO2 powder is composed of ~80 wt% alpha-PbO2, and this proportion does not change even if milling is prolonged. The mean crystallite size of beta-PbO2 is reduced during ball-milling. HEBM also induces morphological changes in the powder. Cyclic voltammetry in 1M H2SO4 was performed using a cavity microelectrode. The voltammograms of powder milled for different durations are similar. However, a variation of the reduction and the oxidation potential occurs when commercially available PbO2 is ball-milled.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".