Soluble CD163: A Novel Biomarker with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Autoimmune Diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor: Macrophage activation and function are significantly linked with the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the precise mechanisms involved in this correlation are still elusive. Noticeably, we recently read with great interest the article by Peng, et al 1 showing serum soluble CD163 (sCD163) levels, mainly secreted by monocyte/macrophage lineage, were significantly increased in the patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) compared with healthy controls. Particularly, they highlighted the involvement of CD163+ macrophage infiltration in the muscle in the development of … Address correspondence to Associate Prof. Jiajie Luan, Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China 241001. E-mail: luanjiajie757{at}163.com
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".