Improved Renal Recovery with Postresuscitation N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Asphyxiated Newborn Pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Renal injury is one of the severe and common complications that occurs early in neonates with asphyxia, and reactive oxygen species have been implicated to play an important role on its pathogenesis. Improved renal recovery has been shown previously with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in various acute kidney injuries. Using a subacute swine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), we examined whether NAC can sustain its beneficial effect on renal recovery for 48 h. Newborn piglets were randomly assigned into a sham-operated group (without H/R, n = 6) and two H/R experimental groups (n = 8 each) with 2 h normocapnic alveolar hypoxia and 1 h 100% oxygen of reoxygenation followed by 21% oxygen for 47 h. Five minutes after reoxygenation, piglets received either normal saline (H/R control) or NAC (150-mg/kg bolus and 20 mg/kg per hour i.v. for 24 h) in a blinded, randomized fashion. All piglets were acidotic and in cardiogenic shock after hypoxia. Treating the piglets with NAC significantly increased both renal blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the reoxygenation period. N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment also improved the renal function with the attenuation of elevated urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity and plasma creatinine concentration observed in H/R controls (both P < 0.05). The tissue levels of lipid hydroperoxides and caspase 3 in the kidney of NAC-treated animals were significantly lower than those of H/R controls. Conclusively, postresuscitation administration of NAC elicits a prolonged beneficial effect in improving renal functional recovery and reducing oxidative stress in newborn piglets with H/R insults for 48 h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".