Diversity of early life-history traits in freshwater eels and the evolution of their oceanic migrations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early life-history traits of all 19 anguillid eel species and subspecies were examined to help understand the evolutionary processes of their oceanic migrations in comparison with their migration distances and the geography of their species ranges. Tropical species were found to have fewer myomeres, greater body depths, higher growth rates, shorter larval durations, and smaller maximum larval sizes than temperate species. The relationships among larval characteristics such as growth rate, age at metamorphosis, and maximum larval size differed among tropical and temperate species and corresponded with the maximum latitudes of their species ranges. Temperate eel leptocephali with slow growth and large maximum size with slender bodies appear to be specialized for long migrations and dispersal over a wide range of distances to higher latitudes, while having flexible sizes of metamorphosis and recruitment. Tropical species with faster growth metamorphose earlier at a relatively fixed size, which would facilitate larval retention near their species ranges at low latitudes. Changes in the early life-history traits of tropical eels appear to have occurred during the evolution of longer migrations as they entered temperate regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".