Appearance of Ferromagnetism in Co-Doped CeO<sub>2</sub> Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Prepared by Solid-State Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on the magnetic and electronic properties of Co-doped CeO 2 oxides prepared by a solid-state reaction. The as-prepared samples exhibit pure paramagnetic behavior, but postannealing at 450 °C for 1 h under H 2 /N 2 atmosphere results in the appearance of ferromagnetism at room temperature. The electronic structure of as-prepared and postannealed Co-doped CeO 2 diluted magnetic oxides is investigated using soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. Co L -edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra indicate that direct Co−Co bonds form due to the precipitation of Co atoms in CeO 2 . This is in agreement with zero-field-cooled and field-cooled thermal variations of the magnetization, which indicated the presence of Co clusters with size larger than 8 nm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".