Association study of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene polymorphisms in bipolar disorder patients with panic disorder comorbidity
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Frequent comorbidity between panic disorder (PD) and mood disorders has been widely reported in clinical and epidemiological studies and, recently, an increasing attention has been paid to the cooccurrence of PD and bipolar disorder (BD). Several studies have shown that an imbalance of serotonin activity could be related to panic symptoms. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) are plausible candidates for the association with PD. The aim of this study is to investigate a possible association between TPH2 gene polymorphisms and the PD comorbidity susceptibility.Our sample consisted of 515 patients; 274 patients with BD (subtypes I and II), including 45 patients with lifetime panic disorder comorbidity and 241 controls. These patients were genotyped for eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene of human TPH2. We found significant differences between patients with BD, with panic disorder comorbidity, and controls in the allelic analysis (rs4448731, P=0.0069; rs4565946, P=0.0359; rs4760820, P=0.0079; rs1487275, P=0.0439) and genotypic analysis (rs4448731, P=0.011; rs4760820, P=0.0259). We also identified significant differences between patients with BD, with and without panic disorder comorbidity in the allelic analysis (rs4448731, P=0.004; rs4565946, P=0.011; rs11179000, P=0.031; rs4760820, P=0.018; rs1487275, P=0.038; rs10879357, P=0.023) and genotypic analysis (rs4448731, P=0.004; rs4565946, P=0.010; rs4760820, P=0.023; rs10879357, P=0.052). The haplotype analysis in the group of patients with BD, with and without panic disorder comorbidity, was also significant (rs4448731-rs4565946, P=0.0190; rs4448731-rs4565946, P=0.0220; rs10506645-rs4760820, P=0.0360). Further studies are needed to replicate the positive association that we observed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it