Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human security is a concept that evolved from the shift that occurred in the political and security reality in the post-Cold War world.The new forms of conflicts emerged and changed the concept of security as well as the conventional notions of war.Human security is a very comprehensive concept consisting of two categories-'freedom from want' and 'freedom from fear'.The first one represents the broader definition and includes threats such as hunger, disease, repression, and protection from sudden disasters.It was upheld by the 1944 UNDP Human Development Report and has since been also supported by the Japanese government and Human Security Commission.The latter one emphasizes violent threats against an individual (such as drug trade, land mines, ethnic discord, state failure, small-arms trafficking).The 'freedom from fear' approach focuses on immediate necessity and is for those reasons supported by the Canadian government and the EU.Key words: "freedom from fear", "freedom from want"
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".