Substituent-Dependent Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Triarylformazanate Boron Difluoride Complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis and detailed characterization of nine substituted triarylformazanate boron difluoride complexes is reported. The effect of electron-donating (p-anisole) and electron-withdrawing (p-benzonitrile) substituents on optical and electrochemical properties, relative to phenyl substituents, was studied at two different positions within the formazanate ligand framework. Each of the BF2 complexes was characterized by (1)H, (13)C, (11)B, and (19)F NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Select examples were studied by X-ray crystallography, revealing highly delocalized structures in the solid state. The complexes were reversibly reduced in two steps electrochemically to their radical anion and dianion forms. The complexes also exhibited substituent-dependent absorption and emission properties, accompanied by significant Stokes shifts, with the aryl substituents at the 1,5-positions of the formazanate backbone having a greater influence on these properties than aryl substituents at the 3-position. Breaking the symmetry in three different complexes resulted in a modest increase in emission intensity relative to that of symmetrically substituted derivatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".