MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W2333963823 · doi:10.1021/ef400505u

Thermal Stability of Zinc Compounds

2013· article· en· W2333963823 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueEnergy & Fuels · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicCoal and Its By-products
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThermogravimetric analysisZincThermal stabilityDifferential scanning calorimetryCorrosionAlkali metalChemistryThermal analysisMelting temperatureInorganic chemistryThermalNuclear chemistryChemical engineeringMaterials scienceOrganic chemistryThermodynamics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Zn and Cl have been found in deposits in municipal solid waste (MSW) boilers and industrial boilers. This leads to the general belief that ZnCl 2 may play a role in corrosion of heat-transfer tubes, owing to its low melting temperature and high corrosivity. In this study, the thermal stability of the compounds ZnCl 2, ZnSO 4, and ZnO as well as mixtures of ZnCl 2 and NaCl/KCl was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). The reactions of the Zn compounds with SO 2 /SO 3 and HCl were also investigated. The results obtained show that ZnCl 2 melts at 320 °C. Above 400 °C, ZnCl 2 vaporizes and is partly oxidized to ZnO. ZnSO 4 is stable up to 680 °C, at which it decomposes and, subsequently, forms ZnO above 900 °C. ZnO is stable at a much higher temperatures but can be chlorinated to ZnCl 2 in the presence of HCl at temperatures around 300 °C. In the presence of a large amount of NaCl/KCl, which is typically the case in actual boilers, ZnCl 2 reacts with NaCl/KCl to form 2NaCl·ZnCl 2 and 2KCl·ZnCl 2, respectively. These compounds melt at temperatures lower than NaCl and KCl but higher than ZnCl 2 . The findings show the significance of understanding the thermal stability of various zinc compounds, how they interact with one another, and whether they react with alkali chlorides and other compounds in the deposits to assess the role of Zn in deposit formation and corrosion in boilers burning Zn-containing fuels.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.331
Threshold uncertainty score0.994

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0120.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.189
Teacher spread0.171 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it