Printed graphene interdigitated capacitive sensors on flexible polyimide substrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interdigitated capacitors (IDC) are extensively used for a variety of chemical and biological sensing applications. Printing and functionalizing these IDC sensors on bendable substrates will lead to new innovations in healthcare and medicine, food safety inspection, environmental monitoring, and public security. The synthesis of an electrically conductive aqueous graphene ink stabilized in deionized water using the polymer Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) is introduced in this paper. CMC is a nontoxic hydrophilic cellulose derivative used in food industry. The water-based graphene ink is then used to fabricate IDC sensors on mechanically flexible polyimide substrates. The capacitance and frequency response of the sensors are analyzed, and the effect of mechanical stress on the electrical properties is examined. Experimental results confirm low thin film resistivity (~6;.6×10-3Ω-cm) and high capacitance (>100 pF). The printed sensors are then used to measure water content of ethanol solutions to demonstrate the proposed conductive ink and fabrication methodology for creating chemical sensors on thin membranes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".