“Frozen” Block Copolymer Nanomembranes with Light-Driven Proton Pumping Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cellular membranes are natural nanoengineering devices, where matter transport, information processing, and energy conversion across the nanoscale boundaries are mediated by membrane proteins (MPs). Despite the great potential of MPs for nanotechnologies, their broad utility in engineered systems is limited by the fluidic and often labile nature of MP-supporting membranes. Little is known on how to direct spontaneous reconstitution of MPs into robust synthetic nanomembranes or how to tune MP functions through rational design of these membranes. Here we report that proteorhodopsin (PR), a light-driven proton pump, can be spontaneously reconstituted into "frozen" (i.e., glassy state) amphiphilic block copolymer membranes via a charge-interaction-directed reconstitution mechanism. We show that PR is not enslaved by a fluidic or lipid-based membrane environment. Rather, well-defined block copolymer nanomembranes, with their tunable membrane moduli, act as allosteric regulators to support the structural integrity and function of PR. Versatile membrane designs exist to modulate the conformational energetics of reconstituted MPs, therefore optimizing proteomembrane stability and performance in synthetic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".