Localized Reaction at a Smooth Metal Surface: <i>p</i>-Diiodobenzene at Cu(110)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halogenation at a semiconductor surface follows simple dynamics characterized by "localized reaction" along the direction of the halide bond being broken. Here we extend the study of halide reaction dynamics to the important environment of a smooth metal surface, where greater product mobility would be expected. Extensive examination of the physisorbed reagent and chemisorbed products from two successive electron-induced reactions showed, surprisingly, that for this system product localization and directionality described the dynamics at a metal. The reagent was p-diiodobenzene on Cu(110) at 4.6 K. The first C-I bond-breaking yielded chemisorbed iodophenyl and I-atom(#1), and the second yielded phenylene and I-atom(#2). The observed collinear reaction resulted in secondary encounters among products, which revealed the existence of a surface-aligned reaction. The molecular dynamics were well explained by a model embodying a transition between an a priori ground state and a semiempirical ionic state, which can be generally applied to electron-induced chemical reactions at surfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".