Steamship nationalism: Transatlantic passenger liners as symbols of the German Empire
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 1912 and 1914, the Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG) launched a trio of transatlantic passenger liners: the Imperator, Vaterland and Bismarck. These have attracted considerable scholarly and popular interest, but their promotion and reception as national monuments has received little detailed consideration. This article shows how and in what manner the Imperator-class vessels were presented to the German public in various media as monumental symbols of the achievements of their nation. In particular, it offers a detailed analysis of the ceremonies that accompanied the launch of these liners, especially the speeches designed for national and international audiences. These reveal, in concentrated and explicit form, how the Imperator, Vaterland and Bismarck were expressly construed and presented to Germans as foci for collective identification. Evidence also demonstrates that the vessels were greeted as floating symbols of the German Empire in the British and American press. The article argues that the function of Germany’s premier passenger liners as national monuments in the nation’s popular culture, and in the foreign press, deserves serious study for at least two reasons: what it reveals about the construction and contestation of national identity in Germany, and what it demonstrates about popular responses to the German Empire in the transatlantic world.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it