Influence of soil nail orientations on stabilizing mechanisms of loose fill slopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil nailing has been used to upgrade substandard loose fill slopes in Hong Kong. Due to the possibility of static liquefaction failure, a typical design arrangement comprises a structural slope facing anchored by a grid of soil nails bonded into the in situ ground. Numerical analyses have been conducted to examine the influence of soil nail orientations on the behaviour of the ground nail–facing system. The results suggest that the use of steeply inclined nails throughout the entire slope could avoid global instability, but could lead to significant slope movement especially when sliding failure prevails, for instance, due to interface liquefaction. The numerical analyses also demonstrate that if only subhorizontal nails are used, the earth pressure exerted on the slope facing may cause uplift failure of the slope cover. To overcome the shortcomings of using soil nails at a single orientation, a hybrid nail arrangement comprising nails at two different orientations is proposed. The numerical analyses illustrate that the hybrid nail arrangement would limit slope movement and enhance the robustness of the system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".