Bibliographic record
Abstract
Permeable Reactive barriers (PRBs) constitute an in situ technique of remediation which has been largely applied for two decades. Their originality relies on the treatment of contaminated groundwater thanks to natural gradients and without any energy. Nevertheless, natural gradients are most of the time limited to dozens of centimetres and the filters should be carefully designed to prevent any bypass of the PRB. Face to this problem, an innovative radial filter has been designed to reduce the head loss comparatively to classical filters with axial flow and to improve the contact time from a chemical point of view. The new filter is cylindrical and composed of a core of coarse material, surrounded by a reactive material and a final ring of coarse material. The radial flow can be centripetal or centrifugal depending on the hydraulic heads applied to the filter. Based on numerical simulations and analytical solutions, we have demonstrated that the new configuration could improve the lifetime of a PRB and, in a centripetal configuration, improve the contact time where the groundwater is the most contaminated. These developments constitute an improvement of the existing PRBs and extent their applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".