Circulating Thyroid Hormones and Indices of Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Normal and Hormonally Induced Oestrus Cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a field study, circulating thyroid hormones, their free forms and indices of energy and lipid metabolism were measured in blood samples of 16 dairy cows expressing detectable oestrus signs. The cows were divided into two equal groups according to their days in milk (DIM=53-90 and DIM=100-150). In each group, 4 cows expressed the oestrus signs normally and the others were induced by hormone injection. Serum thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglyceride (TAG), cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-cholesterol), low density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol) and high density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol) were investigated. Comparison of all oestrus cows (normal or induced) between DIM groups (n=8 each) revealed lower levels of T4 (P=0.027) and T3 (P=0.022), but higher concentrations of fT4 (P=0.031) and fT3 (P=0.006) in the cows with lower DIM. Higher concentrations of TAG and VLDL (P=0.021) and cholesterol (P=0.046) as well as a tendency (P=0.074) for lower levels of BHB were other remarkable findings in cows with lower DIM. In cows with DIM=53-90, the normal oestrus cows had higher levels of T3 (P=0.044) as well as tendencies (P=0.083) for higher T4 and lower fT4 compared with induced cows. In cows with DIM=100-150, however, no significant difference was observed between the normal and induced oestrus cows. In conclusion, the cows that express oestrus signs normally may have better metabolic and thyroid hormone conditions compared to those that express heat by hormone injection. With progress in DIM, however, such differences may become less evident.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".