Heberto H. Fernandez. Dictionaries in Spanish and English from 1554 to 1740: Their Structure and Development.

The first two centuries of the bilingual lexicography of Spanish and English were notably diverse and discontinuous. The first two Spanish–English wordlists, dating from the year of the marriage of Philip II of Spain and Mary I of England, are little offshoots of Continental European polyglot traditions, one of them topically arranged and another translating the alphabetically arranged headwords of a Flemish–Spanish dictionary into English to produce a wordlist in no apparent order. They are followed by a period of activity from 1590 to 1627, roughly the years between the final failure of Spanish attempts to invade England and the final failure of diplomatic negotiations for a Spanish–English royal alliance. Topical dictionaries reappear in this period, and are joined by a tradition of true alphabetical dictionaries, comprising that of Richard Percyvall (1591) and those of John Minsheu (1599–1627), and a single dictionary, that of Raphael Thorius (1590), which lies outside this tradition. Minsheu's bilingual dictionaries offer an English–Spanish part for the first time, and are joined by his huge etymologically-oriented polyglot compendium Ductor in linguas. A third period of activity, from 1706 to 1740, sees the production of new topical vocabularies from a more recent Continental tradition, and of an alphabetical bilingual tradition founded on the work of Minsheu. By the end of this period, Pedro Pineda's New Dictionary: Spanish and English, and English and Spanish (1740) offered 54 000 Spanish–English entries and 40 000 English–Spanish ones, drawing on Bailey's Universal Etymological English Dictionary for the latter, and sniping in its preliminary material at the newly-complete Diccionario de la lengua castellana of the Real Academia Española. Heberto Fernández’ Dictionaries in Spanish and English from 1554 to 1740, a lightly revised version of his Montréal PhD thesis of 2007, offers a meticulous account of these dictionaries (though not of the tetraglot Ianua linguarum of 1617, nor of James Howell's tetraglot dictionary of 1660, both of which include Spanish), with a survey of the secondary literature in Spanish, English, and other languages. It must certainly be considered the standard treatment of its subject.

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