Graduated and Paternal Sovereignty: Stephen Harper, Operation Nanook 10, and the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The idea of ‘graduated sovereignty’ has been used in economic geography and related fields to describe neoliberal capitalism and its negative implications for countries in the Global South. Scholars such as Aihwa Ong use the term primarily to reflect on how states and their elites in the Global South flexibly manage territories and populations at different spatial scales, including export-processing zones. In this paper, attention is given to how ‘graduated sovereignty’ is a useful lens to interrogate territorial claims (including the preservation of territorial integrity) and the spatially varied performance of state power. The Canadian government led by Prime Minister Stephen Harper and his government's Arctic policies and strategies are a case in point. Graduated sovereignty is only one element, however, as the paper considers how a form of paternal sovereignty plays a part in managing the normative ideas of territorial integrity, the presence of exceptional circumstances, and the role of future uncertainties. Using Operation Nanook 10 as a short case study, the paper considers how the government puts to work an uncertain future regarding the Canadian Arctic is materialised and then made actionable by invoking both graduated and paternal forms of sovereignty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".