In patients with liver cirrhosis, proinflammatory interleukins correlate with health-related quality of life irrespective of minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis is associated with latent systemic inflammatory response syndrome as evidenced by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. It has been proposed that inflammatory mediators play a role in the pathogenesis of minimal and overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE); hence, they may also have an effect on health-related quality of life (HRQL). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-18 and the occurrence of minimal HE and HRQL. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis were prospectively enrolled to the study. Minimal HE was detected by the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) and critical flicker frequency. HRQL was assessed with Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires. The interleukins studied were determined using colorimetric sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum levels of interleukins correlated with liver dysfunction, but did not discriminate patients with minimal HE from those with overt or absent HE. IL-1β and IL-6 showed significant correlations with PHES, but showed no relationship with critical flicker frequency. Serum IL-6 and IL-18 correlated with both physical-related general health and mental component summary evaluated by the SF-36 questionnaire. CONCLUSION: This study shows that chronic inflammation plays a role in impaired HRQL in patients with cirrhosis irrespective of minimal HE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".