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Record W2335203317 · doi:10.1017/s1357321700000829

International Expansion — A United Kingdom Perspective: A Discussion Paper

2000· article· en· W2335203317 on OpenAlexaff
D.J. Grenham, Devbrat Chakraborty, Ashok Kumar Chatterjee, P.J. Daelman, B. Heistermann, Lorraine Hogg, J.R. Mungall, B.T. Porteous, Stephen J. Richards, Msk Shum, Jim Taylor

Bibliographic record

VenueBritish Actuarial Journal · 2000
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicInsurance and Financial Risk Management
Canadian institutionsPricewaterhouseCoopers (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLife insuranceGermanPerspective (graphical)KingdomBusinessEconomicsActuarial scienceHistory

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT This paper looks at the reasons why a UK life insurance company would wish to consider expanding into an overseas market, the factors it ought to bear in mind when deciding upon which country or countries to enter and the entry routes open to a company wishing to expand overseas. By way of examples of overseas life insurance markets, the paper provides a detailed description of the German and Indian life insurance markets.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.092
Threshold uncertainty score0.184

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0030.005
Science and technology studies0.0020.002
Scholarly communication0.0070.005
Open science0.0000.003
Research integrity0.0030.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0170.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.236
Teacher spread0.216 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2000
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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