The Depiction of Wheels by Blind Children: Preliminary Studies on Pictorial Metaphors, Language, and Embodied Imagery
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blind (and visually impaired) children make use of perceptual cues from multimodal sensory input of known objects when they draw. In this study, we examined drawings of spinning wheels made by 12-year-old congenitally blind children. The drawings can be analyzed in terms of metaphoric and metonymic mappings from perceptual cues of different objects. Just as metaphoric language is understood through embodiment, the drawings are made through embodiment or perceptual symbolic simulations that have their parallel in language. We considered the relation between metaphor in haptic drawings and language from the perspective of situated simulation in which imagery, motion, and introspection play a crucial role in the shaping of concepts. Reference corpora offer evidence of the verbal correlates of such simulations in English and Spanish.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it