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Record W2336036278

Spam Filtering by Using a Compound Method of Feature Selection

2012· article· en· W2336036278 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of academic and applied studies · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicSpam and Phishing Detection
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer scienceFeature selectionAdaBoostArtificial intelligenceThe InternetData miningSelection (genetic algorithm)Feature (linguistics)Set (abstract data type)Machine learningVolume (thermodynamics)Data setPattern recognition (psychology)Classifier (UML)World Wide Web
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Nowadays, the increase volume of Spams has been annoying for the internet users. In the recent years, the applying of machine learning techniques has attracted many researches’ attention for automatic filtering of Spams. In this article, a system of spam filtering has been presented based on Adaboost algorithm. In the proposed method, the available terms in email have been used as the basic features in classifying email issues. That is why the feature selection has an important role in effective improvement of Spam filtering In the proposed filtering system, a compound method has been used to identify related features and remove unrelated features, and the results have been tested and compared on a standard data set of Ling-Spam. Finally, to compare the obtained results, several other algorithms have been applied on the data and their results are compared with the obtained results. The results of the experiments clear the fact that this system has an acceptable efficiency about 0,983.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.443
Threshold uncertainty score0.253

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.052
GPT teacher head0.341
Teacher spread0.289 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it