Development of the psychologically deep experiences (PDE) in nature scale
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mannell described psychologically deep experiences (PDEs) as meaningful events that alter awareness of the passage of time, perceptions of self and the environment. This study integrated 4 PDEs – Communitas, Fascination, Flow experiences and Spiritual experiences by using 11 constructs, developed in preexisting scales, designed to measure them. Our purpose was to develop a valid and comprehensive, nature-based PDE scale. After an expert review (n = 5) and conducting interviews (n = 12), the newly developed scale was included in an online questionnaire composed of nature-based recreationists (n = 431). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good overall fit for the test and cross validation samples (e.g. RMSEA = 0.047 and 0.038, NFI = 0.94 and 0.94). Although the Communitas and Fascination dimensions require empirical refinement, our findings help to distinguish among four correlated dimensions of meaningful outdoor recreation experiences.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it