Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere: First measurements of a lower thermospheric source
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is an important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, as well as one of the most significant anthropogenic ozone‐depleting substances in the stratosphere. The satellite‐based instrument Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer has been observing the Earth's limb since 2004 and derives profiles of N 2 O volume mixing ratios in the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere. The resulting climatology shows that N 2 O is continuously produced in the lower thermosphere via energetic particle precipitation and enhanced N 2 O is present at all latitudes, during all seasons. The results are consistent with an N 2 O production source peaking near or above 94 km via low‐energy particles, as well as a polar wintertime source near 70 km via medium energy particles. N 2 O produced in the polar upper atmosphere descends each winter to as far down as ~40 km.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".