Bibliographic record
Abstract
Horizontal or lateral gene transfer (HGT) involves the transmission of genetic material between separate genomes. It is a major driver of evolutionary innovation in archaea and bacteria (1⇓⇓–4), but the role of HGT in eukaryotes, especially multicellular organisms, remains controversial. The genome sequence of Hypsibius dujardini, a member of the tardigrades, a group of animals that can survive a range of extreme environments, was reported to have undergone extensive HGT, amounting to 17.5% (5) of the genes identified. Even though Boothby et al. performed numerous checks to support their claim, reanalysis using new approaches to identify genome contamination combined with additional sequencing suggests only ∼0.4% of the H. dujardini gene repertoire can confidently be identified as derived by HGT (6). These are fascinating animals and no doubt there will be further genome studies on these organisms before the last word on this topic emerges.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.016 | 0.032 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".