Higher levels of the anti-inflammatory protein CC10 are associated with improvement in sputum atypia in individuals at high risk for lung cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1693 Context: CC10 is a 10-kDa anti-inflammatory protein secreted by nonciliated Clara cells which are progenitor cells in the bronchiolar epithelium. CC10 is infrequently expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and overexpression of CC10 in NSCLC cell lines results in a less malignant phenotype. Previous studies showed that cytological atypia in exfoliated sputum epithelial cells is a predictor of lung cancer. Whether changes in CC10 expression are correlated with changes in sputum atypia is not known. Objective: We investigated whether higher bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma CC10 levels are associated with improvement in sputum atypia in smokers. Methods: We used specimens collected during a chemoprevention trial assessing the efficacy of budesonide vs. placebo to regress bronchial dysplasia in current (n=81) and former (n=23) smokers with bronchial dysplasia. Bronchoscopies with BAL and plasma and sputum sample collection were performed at baseline and after 6 months. High resolution image cytometry to measure DNA content was performed on at least 3000 epithelial cells from each sputum sample. A sputum sample was considered “abnormal” if at least five non-diploid cells were identified in the sample. Individuals were classified as “improved” if the sputum assessment changed from abnormal at baseline to normal at the 6 month follow-up. Individuals were classified as “non-improved” if the sputum assessment changed from normal to abnormal or if the baseline abnormal assessment remained abnormal. BAL and plasma CC10 levels were measured at baseline and follow-up by a competitive ELISA. Results: The net change in the mean BAL CC10 concentrations (ng CC10/mg protein) was significantly higher among those with improvement in sputum atypia than among those without improvement (arithmetic mean: 22.0 ± 27.2 ng/mg and 5.2 ± 36.5 ng/mg, respectively, p = 0.018). The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) of improvement in sputum atypia associated with one unit increase on the natural log-scale was 2.51 (1.13-5.55, p = 0.023) for either the follow-up BAL or the change in BAL CC10 levels after adjustment for baseline CC10 levels. Further adjustment for age, sex, pack-years of smoking, smoking status, and treatment effect did not significantly change the estimate [2.94 (1.22-7.05), p = 0.016]. Plasma CC10 levels were not significantly associated with improvement in sputum atypia. Conclusions: These results show that higher BAL CC10 levels are correlated with improvement in sputum atypia in smokers with high lung cancer risk. Whether CC10 levels can be used as a predictor for changes in clinical outcomes among high risk populations needs to be further investigated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".