Estimation of primaries by sparse inversion with scattering-based multiple predictions for data with large gaps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We have solved the estimation of primaries by sparse inversion problem for a seismic record with large near-offset gaps and other contiguous holes in the acquisition grid without relying on explicit reconstruction of the missing data. Eliminating the unknown data as an explicit inversion variable is desirable because it sidesteps possible issues arising from overfitting the primary model to the estimated data. Instead, we have simulated their multiple contributions by augmenting the forward prediction model for the total wavefield with a scattering series that mimics the action of the free surface reflector within the area of the unobserved trace locations. Each term in this scattering series involves convolution of the total predicted wavefield once more with the current estimated Green’s function for a medium without the free surface at these unobserved locations. It is important to note that our method cannot by itself mitigate regular undersampling issues that result in significant aliases when computing the multiple contributions, such as source-receiver sampling differences or crossline spacing issues in 3D acquisition. We have investigated algorithms that handle the nonlinearity in the modeling operator due to the scattering terms, and we also determined that just a few of the terms can be enough to satisfactorily mitigate the effects of near-offset data gaps during the inversion process. Numerical experiments on synthetic data found that the final derived method can significantly outperform explicit data reconstruction for large near-offset gaps, with a similar computational cost and better memory efficiency. We have also found on real data that our scheme outperforms the unmodified primary estimation method that uses an existing Radon-based interpolation of the near-offset gap.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".