The Status of the Members of the<i>Aphis asclepiadis</i>Species Group (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United States of America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In North America, there is a morphologically defined group of Aphis species that use Cornus spp. as primary host plants and also are associated with plants in the family Apiaceae. We refer to them collectively as the Aphis asclepiadis species group and attempt to elucidate the taxonomic status of its members using sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) and nuclear elongation factor 1-α (EF1α1) genes. The Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the combined data of these two genes strongly supported a clade composed of the A. asclepiadis species group. This group includes the following North American native species: A. asclepiadis, A. carduella, A. decepta, A. impatientis, A. neogillettei, A. nigratibialis, A. saniculae, A. thaspii, and A. viburniphila, and the related exotic species, A. salicariae. Bayesian phylogenetic and Maximum Parsimony Network nested all the collections that match the diagnostic characters described for A. asclepiadis and A. carduella, and the ones described for A. nigratibialis. Moreover, the range of pair-wise distances between collections of A. asclepiadis and A. carduella are 0.00–0.73 and 0.00–0.87% for Cox1 and EF1α1, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that A. asclepiadis Fitch 1851 is a senior synonym of A. carduella Walsh 1863, syn. nov. In addition, all the sequences of species morphologically identified as A. impatientis matched almost 100%. Biological studies showed that Aphis impatientis is a heteroecious species that alternates between Cornus and Impatiens. We also found that morphological characterization of the sexual morph is useful to differentiate species that feed on Cornus spp. as primary host plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".